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Blick in Chiffriergerät

Photo: Deutsches Museum Muenchen | Christian Illing

Communication Information Media

Image Script Codes – Making communication work

From letterpress printing to cryptology: for thousands of years, we have found ways to exchange information and store knowledge. See and experience this first hand – and even try things out yourself!

Image Script Codes Exhibition – overview

The exhibition is divided into the thematic areas of Image, Print, Writing and Cryptology. From the abundance of images, including RAF wanted posters, Otl Aicher’s 1972 Olympic posters and a gallery featuring Vincent van Gogh’s famous sunflower paintings, the exhibition moves on to image printing and letterpress printing. Here, the “Gutenberg Galaxy” takes centre stage. Opposite is the large printing press hall with impressive machines such as the high-speed press and the rotary printing press. Writing systems, which play a key role in printing technology, are covered in the next section of the exhibition. The focus is on the role of writing systems as a store of knowledge and cultural mediator across temporal and spatial boundaries. Cryptology then explores secret communication, providing insights into encryption and deciphering from antiquity to the digital age.

Image Script and Codes - Introduction

From cave paintings to letterpress printing and emoji: people have been using images and writing to exchange information and store their knowledge for thousands of years. Common codes ensure that this type of communication works. This means that there is agreement on the meaning of an image (such as a smiley face) or a sequence of characters.

"Image Script Codes" sheds light on how we use these signs and the media to transmit them. The exhibition traces historical origins and upheavals and explains the basics, from traditional printing technology to writing in the digital age and post-quantum encryption.

“The medium is the message.”
Marshall McLuhan, The Medium is the Message, 1967

Highlights of the new exhibition

Offset Printing Press Rheingold, Schnellpressenfabrik Albert & Cie. AG, Frankenthal/Pfalz, 1925, Inventory Number 53228. Photo: Deutsches Museum | Konrad Rainer

Printing

Beginnings of offset printing - early offset printing - Offset printing: Offset printing developed at the beginning of the 20th century. In this flat printing process, printing surfaces on the printing plate are prepared to be grease-friendly, while non-printing surfaces are prepared to be water-friendly. A rubber cylinder first picks up the ink and transfers it to the paper. This indirect depositing of the ink is called "offset".

“For every complex problem, there is a solution that is simple, and that solution is wrong.”
Umberto Eco, 'Foucault's Pendulum,' 1989

Cipher Cylinder M-94, U.S. Army Signal Corps, USA, circa 1930, Inventory Number 2018-323. Donation: Winkelbauer-Timmann Family, Pöcking. Photo: Deutsches Museum | Konrad Rainer

Crypto

Cipher Machines: American President Thomas Jefferson (1743−1826) is far ahead of his time. He invents the cipher wheel, a precursor to later rotors in cipher machines: rolls with different cipher alphabets are threaded onto a rod. Their sequence forms the secret key. Even during World War II, the U.S. Army uses the M-94, a modified form of Jefferson's cipher device, for encrypting tactical messages.

Das Schlüsselgerät 41 mit deutliche Spuren vom Auffindeort im Waldboden.

Now the Enigma must die

Cipher device 41

The cipher device 41 was deployed towards the end of the war. Fritz Menzer, the inventor, had identified vulnerabilities in the Enigma cipher machine.

find out more

Deutsches Museum

A documentary film series in seven episodes

An extraordinary cryptologist and his cipher device 41

Fritz Menzer – A secret life

„Researching this project resembled in many ways a criminalistic search for clues." (Robert Jahn, filmmaker). This web documentary presents the cipher device 41, which was far ahead of its time. The adventurous life of its inventor, Fritz Menzer (1908 - 2005) - marked by the Nazi dictatorship, the liberation era and the onset of the Cold War, but also by a lifetime of silence - is unfolded episode by episode.

To film site

Programme in this exhibition

When will this event take place?

Discover which activities are taking place by checking our daily programme, which is published at around 9.20 each day. Our programme changes daily and includes guided tours, demonstrations, science shows and hands-on activities for individual visitors and small groups of up to five people. All programme events are held in German. They begin either directly where the activity is set to take place or at a guided-tour meeting point in the relevant exhibition.

Facts and Figures

  • Location: Level 2
  • Exhibition space: 1060 m2
  • Exhibits and models: approx. 300
  • Demonstrations and interactives: 32
  • Dioramas: 1
  • Media stations: 25

Fascinating miniature worlds

Masterful showcases

Dioramas in the exhibitions

Museum founder Oskar von Miller already believed that it is easier to imagine many things if you see them in their normal surroundings. This is why there are dioramas in almost every exhibition at the Deutsches Museum. These are fascinating miniature worlds in a display case that take you back to ancient Greece or to an icy North Pole expedition or depict a landing on the moon.

More about dioramas

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Senefelder und Linotype

The installation of the new exhibitions continues. Here you can see the arrival of two printing presses for “Bild Schrift Codes”. Senefelder bar press and Linotype document important milestones in printing technology.

Cryptological devices in the collection

Chiffriermaschine Hagelin Cryptographer C-36

From: A.B. Cryptoteknik; Damm, Arvid; Hagelin, Boris

Date: 1937

Rotor-Chiffriermaschine Enigma I

From: T. Ertel & Sohn GmbH. Fabrik geodätischer und militärwissenschaftlicher Instrumente <München>; Scherbius, Arthur

Date: 1944

Geheimschriftapparat "Kryptograph"

From: Alexis Køhl

Date: um 1890

Chiffriergerät Telekrypt-DAT 712, 2 Stück

From: AEG-Telefunken <Berlin, West>

Date: 1976

Schlüsselgerät 41Z

From: Wanderer-Werke AG

Date: 1941

Do you have technical questions?

Do you have organizational questions?

Image Script Codes in the museum blog

Ein Faksimile des Jikji wird per Hand gedruckt.

Im Anfang war... Jikji!

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